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LN

LN

The LN function calculates the natural logarithm of a number.

LN(number) => number

GC Wizard for Beginners
General Settings
Tools
- Coordinate calculation
  - Waypoint Projection
    - 01 How does waypoint projection (bearing) work - for geodesic/orthodrome and loxodrome/rhumb line?
  - Distance and Bearing
    - 01 How does distance and bearing work - for geodesic/orthodrome and loxodrome/rhumb line?
  - Format Converter
    - 01 How does the format converter work?
  - Map View
    - 01 How does the Map View work?
  - Variable Coordinate
  - DMM Offset
    - 01 How does DMM Offset work?
  - Coordinate Measurement
    - 01 How do I measure my current position?
  - Center Point of Two Coordinates
    - 01 How does Center Point of Two Coordinates work?
  - Centroid (Arithmetic Mean)
    - 01 How does Centroid (Arithmetic Mean) work?
  - Centroid (Center of Gravity)
    - 01 How does Centroid (Center of Gravity) work?
  - Center Point of Three Coordinates
    - 01 How does Center Point of three coordinates work?
  - Segment Line
    - 01 How do I calculate line segments?
  - Segment Bearings
    - 01 How do I calculate angle sections?
  - Cross Bearing
    - 01 How does cross bearing work?
  - Intersection of two Lines (Bearings)
    - 01 How does an intersection of two lines work?
  - Intersection of Line from Four Points
    - 01 How does an intersection of two lines of four points work?
  - Intersection of Line and Circle
    - 01 How does intersection of line and circle work?
  - Intersection of Two Circles
    - 01 How does intersection of two circles work?
  - Intersection of Three Circles
    - 01 How does intersection of three circles work?
  - Antipode
    - 01 How does Antipode work?
  - Intersection
    - 01 How does the Intersection work?
  - Resection
    - 01 How does the Resection work?
  - Equilateral Triangle
    - 01 How does the equilateral triangle work?
  - Elipsoid/Date Converter
    - 01 How does the Elipsoid/Date Converter work?
  - 01 Which tools are available for the coordinate calculation?
  - 02 How do the coordinate calculations work?
  - 03 Why does the coordinate parser exist internally?
- Encryption and Codes
- Formula Solver
- Games
  - Bowling
    - 00 What does the Bowling function do?
  - Conway's Game of Life
    - 00 What is Conway's Game of Life?
    - 01 What features does the GC Wizard provide for Conway's Game of Life?
  - Logical Helper
    - How does GC Wizard's Logical Helper work?
    - What are Logicals?
  - Nonogram
  - Number Pyramid Solver
    - 00 What is a number pyramid?
    - 01 How does GC Wizard solves a Number Pyramid?
  - Scrabble
  - Sudoku Solver
    - 01 How does the Sudoku solver work?
  - Square paper
    - 00 What is Grid/Squared Paper?
  - The Settlers of Catan
    - What does "The Settlers of Catan - Number Chips" do?
  - Word Search (Letter Grid)
  - 01 What games are implemented?
- General Code Solver
- Images and Files
  - Animated Images
    - 01 What does the Animated Images function do?
  - Animated Images Morse Code
    - 01 What does the Animated Images Morse Code function do?
  - Binary Code to image / QR code
    - 01 What does the binary code to image/QR code function do?
  - Color Corrections
    - 01 What does the colour corrections function do?
  - Exif and Metadata Viewer
    - 01 What does the Exif and Metadata Viewer function do?
  - Hex Viewer
    - 01 What does the Hex Viewer function do?
  - Hexadecimal numbers to file
    - 01 What does the function Hexadecimal Numbers to File do?
  - Hidden data
    - 01 What does the Hidden Data function do?
  - LSB Steganography
    - 01 What does the LSB Steganography function do?
  - MagicEye
    - 00 What are Magic Eye images?
  - Mirror and Rotate
    - 00 What does Flip and Rotate do?
  - QR Code
    - 01 What does the QR Code function do?
  - Stretch and Shrink
    - 00 What does Stretch and Shrink do?
  - Visual Cryprography
    - 01 What does the Visual Cryptography function do?
  - Waveform
- Science and Technology
- Symboltables
- Miscellaneous Tools
  - GCW Script
    - Programming Manual
      - Variables and Data types
        
        Data types
        Internal Register
        Variables
      - Operators
        
        Operators
      - Language
        
        Commands
        
        > Overview
        CLS
        DATA
        DIM
        INPUT
        NEWFILE
        OPENFILE
        PRINT
        RANDOMIZE
        READ
        REM
        RESTORE
        SAVEFILE
        SCREEN
        VERSION
        
        Control Structures
        
        > Overview
        BREAK
        CONTINUE
        END
        FOR – TO – STEP – NEXT
        GOSUB - RETURN
        GOTO
        IF – THEN – ELSEIF – ELSE – ENDIF
        REPEAT – UNTIL
        SWITCH – CASE – BREAK – DEFAULT
        WHILE – WEND
        
        Overview
      - Functions and Methods
        
        Check Datatypes
        
        > Overview
        ISCHAR
        ISDOUBLE
        ISINT
        ISLIST
        ISNUMBER
        ISSTRING
        
        Mathmatics
        
        > Mathmatical and physical constants
        > Overview
        ABS
        ACOS
        ASIN
        ATAN
        BINARYTOFLOAT
        CARTHESIAN
        CEIL
        CONVERTBASE
        COS
        CSUM
        DEG
        DIV
        DIVISORS
        EXP
        FAC
        FLOATTOBINARY
        FLOOR
        FRAC
        GCD, GGT
        ICSUM, IQSUM
        ISPRIME
        ISSQR
        LCM, KGV
        LN
        LOG
        MOD
        POLAR
        POW
        RAD
        RND
        ROUND
        SGN
        SIN
        SQR
        SQRT
        SUM
        TAN
        TRUNC
        
        Strings
        
        > Overview
        ASC
        CHAR
        LEFT
        LEN
        MID
        PADCENTER
        PADLEFT
        PADRIGHT
        RIGHT
        STR
        SUBST
        VAL
        
        Lists
        
        > Overview
        LISTADD
        LISTADDALL
        LISTCLEAR
        LISTFROM
        LISTGET
        LISTINSERT
        LISTISEMPTY
        LISTISNOTEMPTY
        LISTLENGTH
        LISTREMOVE
        LISTSHUFFLE
        LISTSORT
        LISTTOSTRING
        
        Files
        
        > Overview
        DUMPFILE
        EOF
        READFROMFILE
        WRITETOFILE
        
        Date/Time
        
        > Overview
        DATE
        TIME
        
        Graphics
        
        > Overview
        ARC
        BOX
        CIRCLE
        COLOR
        DOT
        FILL
        LINE
        OVAL
        STROKE
        TEXT
        
        Waypoints
        
        > Overview
        WPTSADD
        WPTSCENTER
        WPTSCLEAR
        WPTSCOUNT
        WPTSLAT
        WPTSLON
        
        Coordinates
        
        > Overview
        BEARING
        CENTERTHREEPOINTS
        CENTERTWOPOINTS
        CONVERTFROM
        CONVERTTO
        DECTODMM
        DISTANCE
        DMMTODEC
        DMMTODMS
        DMSTODEC
        DMSTODMM
        GETLAT
        GETLON
        PROJECTION
        SETLAT
        SETLON
        WGS84
        
        GC Wizard Tools
        
        Base encodings
        
        Base encodings
        
        Encryption and Codes
        
        ABBADON
        ATBASH
        AVEMARIA
        BACON
        BCD
        BIFID
        GCCODE
        MORSE
        TRIFID
        
        Hashes
        
        Hashes
        
        Miscelleanous Tools
        
        BWW
        ENCLOSEDAREAS
        
        Numeral Systems
        
        ROMAN NUMBERS
        
        Rotation
        
        Rotation
        
        > Overview
        
        > Overview
      - Table of Contents
    - 00 What is GCW Script?
    - 01 What is BASIC?
    - 02 The programming environment - how does GCW Script work?
    - 03 A brief overview of GCW Script
    - 04 Examples
    - 05 Error Messages
  - Wedding Anniversaries
    - What information does the wedding anniversaries function provide?
  - Zodiac Signs
    - 01 What information does the zodiac signs function provide?
Solving of Mysteries
- Nina's Scratch Blog
  - The analysis to start with
    - 01 Analysis of the listing
    - 02 Geocaching-specific cryptanalysis
  - Numbers, numbers, numbers
  - Language and writing
    - 01 Language and writing
    - 02 Keyboards
  - File analysis - Pictures, Music, Videos
  - Encryptions
    - 01 Monoalphabetic substitution
    - 02 Polyalphabetic encryption - ENIGMA
  - Decrypt
    - 01 Manually decrypt ciphertexts
    - 02 Decode Vigenère
  - Other
  - 01 Introduction
  - 02 Thank you Nina
- Useful Links
  - Useful Links
Examples
- Examples
- Introduction
Cooperation

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