C. A. Steinheil und der erste Schreibtelegraph – Wikisource
In 1837, Carl August Steinheil (born 1801, died 1870) succeeded in redesigning the telegraph in such a way that he made the wire messages not only audible but also visible in a simple and reliable sign language.
The 60-pound horseshoe magnet A carries the armatures a at the top. The two induction wire rolls B, which are fitted with iron cores, are moved quickly past the magnetic poles around the axis b by means of the balancer C. All the oppositely directed currents caused by this are given the same direction again in the current reverser D and thus reach the signalling device E, which is shown next (Fig. 3) somewhat more clearly in horizontal section; this consists of a multiplier thread, in the cavity of which there are two rotatable magnetic rods c, the deflection of which, however, is limited by the plates e. Both magnets carry small magnets at their ends. Both magnets have small colour cups d with capillary tips at their ends. A strip of paper G is slowly pulled past the latter by means of the movement H and the roller F (Fig. 1). Depending on the direction of rotation of the inductor, either the pole of one or the other magnet is deflected in the marker, causing an upper or lower dot to be printed on the paper strip in rapid succession. The small magnets m positioned to the side of the magnets immediately return the magnets deflected by each current to their rest position.
To form a letter or a number, the inventor chose a maximum of four dots in two lines, as shown in the sample below (Fig. 4), making 30 characters possible.